Duties Responsibilities Directors Officers †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Duties Responsibilities Directors Officers? Answer: Presentation The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) is the demonstration which directs the way wherein various parts of the organizations in Australia are to be led, as it gives various arrangements to its consolidation, its wrapping up, constitution and other related arrangements for the organizations (Abbott, Pendlebury and Wardman, 2007). Under Part 2D.1 of this demonstration, the executives of the organization, alongside the officials of the organization in specific cases, have been given sure obligations, which must be satisfied by them, or something bad might happen, common and criminal punishments are forced on the applicable penetrating individual (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). The instance of McGellin v Mount King Mining NL (1998) 144 FLR 288, manages such a break of chief obligations dependent on the irreconcilable situation (Austlii, 2017a). What's more, through this conversation, the various parts of this case, with a specific reference to the penetrated obligation, have been explained. Foundation of the Case For this situation, the offended party had been the executive of the respondent. The case was made for the oral agreement which the offended party went into with the respondent on July 03rd, 1996 whereby it was concurred that the offended party would be given offers in the organization at one penny for every offer cost, where the standard estimation of such offers was 20 pennies. This guarantee was made with regards to supports which were contributed towards the investigation work cost by the offended party, for respondents benefit. This specific Management was expressed to have been entered in the load up meeting and was argued to cover the suggested terms with respect to the issuance of the offers by the litigant to the offended party, after commitment of assets and in a sensible time span (Austlii, 2017a). The offended party satisfied that he had made a commitment of $1500 for the investigation expenses and this sum was paid to the ledger of litigant on August 21st, 1996. What's more, that the litigant had penetrated in their understanding as the guaranteed 150,000 offers were not given to the offended party by any means, inside a sensible time span of August 21st, 1996. Thus, a case was started for the supposed agreement to be explicitly performed; and in the event that that is beyond the realm of imagination, to be paid harms and interests according to the estimation of 150,000 offers, which remained at $108,000 based on 72 pennies for each offer. This cost was achieved from thee value which was paid by the organization who assumed control over the litigant and obtained the entirety of its offers on February 04th, 1967 (Austlii, 2017a). The key issue which was identified with the chief obligations for this situation was in regards to the material intrigue. In the event that the agreement had been made, was the article 15.15 of the Article of Association of the litigant was stranded, as the chief had not blocked himself from deciding on a plan or an agreement, where the executive had a material intrigue. Also, on the off chance that the agreement had been made, was that to be regarded as bereft of voidable, as the agreement which was acted for this situation by the offended party had been contradicted by the litigant, which would permit the offended party for explicit execution for the offer allocation or for the harms in lieu of it (Austlii, 2017a). Obligations penetrated Area 191 of the Corporations Act requires the executives to reveal the material individual intrigue which they have. According to this area, it is the obligation of the executives to inform different chiefs with respect to material individual intrigue where a contention is raised (WIPO, 2015). The material individual intrigue is identified with the issues of the organization, or something which is being executed at the gathering, where the chief ought to inform different executives about their material enthusiasm for such exchange (Austlii, 2017b). A contradiction of this area brings about both common and criminal punishments. Along these lines, where a material individual intrigue is raised, it is the obligation of the chief to advise different executives according to this area (Paolini, 2014). The term material individual intrigue has not been characterized, however the significance of the equivalent can be explained as the issue which has some genuine substance, and which has the capacity of the vote of the executive being affected (Cassidy, 2006). Consequently, the chiefs are required to give the subtleties of both the nature and the degree of their enthusiasm for the specific issue. The method of reasoning behind this segment is to maintain a strategic distance from any irreconcilable circumstance, which can make an exchange uncalled for (Latimer, 2012). On account of McGellin v Mount King Mining NL, the executive neglected to uncover that he made went into an oral agreement with the offended party for designating him certain offers for the work being finished by the offended party for the benefit of the organization. But then the chief casted a ballot upon the procurement of offers by Sipa Resources International NL, without illuminating the board regarding this clashing circumstance (Austlii, 2017a). Thus, the chief obligations for this situation had been negated. Aside from penetrate of area 191, there had been break of various different obligations of the chiefs, especially of segment 180, which required the executive to be show care and constancy in releasing their obligations and utilizing their forces (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). This was unmistakably not done because of the irreconcilable circumstance present for this situation. Aside from this, the chiefs had an obligation under area 181, of sincere trust, under segment 182, utilization of position of organization executive in a tireless way and under segment 184, to work in compliance with common decency and appropriate reason (ICNL, 2017). By permitting an irreconcilable situation to be available, where they had material individual enthusiasm for the exchange being embraced they neglected to work for the wellbeing of the organization, thus, the obligations expressed here, were penetrated. Additionally, they abused their situation by promising the offended party that he would be given the offers, and was really not given any, so the executive really abused their position and tricked the offended party. Consequently, the nearness of material individual premium prompted an irreconcilable circumstance, viably interpreting in the penetrate of chief obligations. Basic examination of choice court This case got well known for the meaning of material intrigue given by Justice Murray, which has been since cited various occasions in different cases. According to the appointed authority, the material implied the intrigue which included a relationship of a genuine substance with respect to the current issue, or the proposed agreement or course of action (GWRDC, 2012). As such, the very idea of the intrigue must be contemplated, regarding having the limit of affecting the vote of an executive in the matter of specific choice (Lacey, 2015). The substance of intrigue, its ability and its very idea must be considered for having an effect over the chiefs capacity to release their guardian obligations (Bartholomeusz, 2015). The adjudicator expressed that the offended party had chief or by implication, yet not very unexpectedly or remotely, a material individual intrigue. Furthermore, in this unique situation, the guaranteed agreement which would give the litigant to repay the offended party for the commitment made in the investigation works cost was corrupted by irreconcilable circumstance. Be that as it may, the cases of the offended party couldn't be maintained as the supposed agreement couldn't be built up to have been made under the watchful eye of the court. Henceforth, to grant the particular execution or the asserted harms was impractical for Justice Murray. Thus, the intrigue made by the offended party was not maintained (Austlii, 2017a). Despite the fact that the focuses expressed by the adjudicator for this situation were very right, yet in the perspective on the author, the choice given was unreasonable on the offended party. This is because of the way that the court didn't maintain the penetrate of guardian obligations on part of the executive, where they plainly ought to have been. The executive didn't uncover that he had made offended party the guarantee of being apportioned sure offers. This brought about an irreconcilable circumstance being available. Financial aspects, the part where the appointed authorities expressed that it was hard to challenge these focuses, because of the oral agreement not having the option to be demonstrated under the steady gaze of the official courtroom, which at last prompted the disappointment of offended parties claims, was right. End Despite the fact that the cases of the offended party for this situation couldn't be set up attributable to the absence of the setting up that an oral agreement had without a doubt been shaped between the offended party and the respondent, this case keeps on being cited more than regularly, because of the meaning of material individual intrigue given by Justice Murray. This case isn't just noteworthy in regard of this definition, yet in addition presents a solid case for drawing up composed agreements. Had a composed agreement been attracted this case, the penetrate of chief obligations could have effortlessly been set up because of the nearness of material individual premium and an irreconcilable situation; and this would have permitted the offended party to either get the particular execution of being allotted the guaranteed shares, or being paid the remuneration sum, as was determined by the offended party based on the matter of the litigant being gained by another organization. References Abbott, K., Pendlebury, N., and Wardman, K. (2007) Business Law. eighth ed. London: Thomson. Austlii. (2017a) Thomas Paul Mcgellin Ors v Mount King Mining Nl (Acn 060 118 201) Anor [1998] WASC 96 (7 April 1998). [Online] Austlii. Accessible from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-receptacle/viewdoc/au/cases/wa/WASC/1998/96.html?context=1;query=McGellin%20v%20Mount%20King%20Mining%20NL [Accessed on: 18/09/17] Austlii. (2017b) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Austlii. Accessible from: https://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-receptacle/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/definitions [Accessed on: 18/09/17] Bartholomeusz, S. (2015) Directors Duties Duty To Avoid Conflicts Of Interest. [Online] You Legal. Accessible from: https://www.youlegal.com.au/dir

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Financial matters - Essay Example To improve our impression of the circumstance let us first look over the fundamental monetary ideas. First think about the contrast between the monetary short run and since quite a while ago run. The short run is characterized as that timeframe in which in any event one contribution of creation is fixed while the since quite a while ago run is characterized as the time period over which all elements of creation are variable. A straightforward method to recognize is think about the movements in the size of creation. In the short run the size of creation is fixed. A specific size of creation is spoken to by a short run normal cost bend. Again over the long haul the size of creation differs. The Long run normal cost bend is an envelope of the interminable number of short run normal cost bends. Anyway it is basic to take note of that the Long run normal cost bend in no way, shape or form an envelope of the base purposes of the short run normal cost bends. The individual short run desired states are the base purposes of the short run normal cost bends however over the long haul the optima change as the size of creation itself is presently factor. The Long run normal cost bend is U formed under conventional suppositions. The falling part is clarified by decrease in per unit cost with all components variable because of productivity increases of extending the scale. These are known as scale economies1. Again the upward rising part is clarified by per unit since a long time ago run cost ascends because of decrease in proficiency and is known as diseconomies of scale2. Let us currently consider the circumstance of Engines R Us. In the given circumstance it produces at the base effective size of creation. The base effective size of creation alludes to the base sum a firm can deliver that limits its since quite a while ago run normal expenses (Varian, 1990). For a nonstop and U molded since quite a while ago run normal cost bend, the base effective size of creation is the yield level that relates to its base

The Benefits of Exercise for People With PTSD

The Benefits of Exercise for People With PTSD PTSD Treatment Print The Benefits of Exercise for People With PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 03, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Peter Cade/The Image Bank/Getty Images Low rates of exercise among people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may explain why many people with PTSD have been found to be at high risk for a number of physical health problems, such as obesity, heart disease, pain, and diabetes. There may be several reasons why people with PTSD are less likely to exercise. Why People With PTSD Exercise Less First, exercise can increase bodily arousal. Your heart might race. You may experience shortness of breath. Although most people dont think twice about these symptoms, if you have PTSD, you may be particularly hesitant to experience this arousal. Many people with PTSD fear bodily symptoms that are associated with anxiety, such as increased heart rate and shortness of breath. They also may fear that bodily arousal from exercise might cause their hyperarousal symptoms to worsen. As a result, they may try to avoid exercise or any other activity that increases bodily arousal. In addition, PTSD is associated with a higher risk of experiencing depression. When youre depressed, you may experience low motivation, low energy, and have a tendency to isolate yourself. Given this, its possible that if you have symptoms of depression along with your PTSD, this might prevent you from exercising. Finally, people with PTSD engage in more unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol use. These behaviors may make it more difficult for someone with PTSD to start an exercise program. Link Between PTSD and Depression Exercise Benefits With PTSD Whether or not you have PTSD, regular exercise has a number of benefits. It can contribute to many positive physical health outcomes, such as improved cardiovascular health, weight loss, and greater flexibility and mobility. In addition to these physical health outcomes, regular exercise can also have a positive impact on your mental health by reducing anxiety and depression. Given the benefits of exercise, as well as the numerous mental and physical health problems experienced by people with PTSD, a regular exercise regimen may have a number of advantages for you if you have PTSD. Why You Should Exercise to Relieve Symptoms of Mental Illness The Effect of Regular Exercise on Symptoms Several studies have looked at the effect of a regular exercise program on PTSD symptoms. In one study of adults with PTSD, a 12-week exercise program that included three 30-minute resistance training sessions a week, as well as walking, was found to lead to a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms, depression, and better sleep quality after the program ended. A review of four randomized controlled trials  (RCTs) on the effect of regular exercise on PTSD also found that physical activity significantly reduced depressive and PTSD symptoms. It suggested that more studies should be done on this relationship and concluded that including physical activity in the treatment of PTSD appears to be helpful. Starting an Exercise Program Before embarking on any exercise program, its important to first check with your doctor to make sure that you do it safely. Your doctor may also be able to help you identify the best exercises given your goals, age, weight, or other physical health problems that youre experiencing. If youre currently working with a mental health provider, it may also be important to let him or her know that youre interested in starting an exercise program. Exercise can be an excellent form of behavioral activation, and your exercise goals may be able to be incorporated into the work that youre already doing with your therapist.

The Effects Of Technology On The Adolescent Brain Essay

Overview Technology is everywhere. Americans are surrounded by it on a daily basis. Although, we seem to be fully immersed in the technological world, we really aren’t. Most Americans believe that they are knowledgeable when their actual knowledge of technology is limited. Specifically, today’s youth, ages eight to eighteen, use technology a staggering eleven and a half hours a day, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. â€Å"Their brains have become ‘wired’ to use their tech gadgets effectively in order to multi-task. . .often exposing their brains to shocking and sensational images and videos. Many people are desensitizing their neural circuits to the horrors they see, while not getting much, if any, off-line training in empathic skills. And the effects may even reach young people,† says Dr. Gary Small. The effects of technology on the adolescent brain include a decrease in empathy; Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another . A study done by the Harvard College of Education states that 80% of the youth surveyed stated that personal achievement and happiness was more important to them than caring for others. In the new age of technology empathy has taken a backseat to self-centeredness. The same survey by Harvard College of Education found that 30% of middle schoolers reported being bullied, more than 50% of girls between seventh and twelfth grade reported being sexually harassed, and more than 50% of high schoolers admitted to cheating. ThisShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Social Media On Adolescents1586 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Media and the Negative Effects on Adolescents Social media seems to be changing how we communicate through society. Adolescents are consumed with media for an estimated 7.5-8.5 hours per day (Georgia, 2014; Giedd, 2012). Instead of interacting with each other face to face adolescents are socializing through their phones (George, 2014). 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The Ethics Of The Body - 1098 Words

†¦ the subject is something which is finally identified to the body as such. So the subjective creation as a sort of paradigm is only experimentation of the limits of the body. The subject is something like an experience of its proper limits, an experience of finitude, an experience of the limits of the concrete unity of the body. But finally, what is a limit of the body, a limit of the living body? The plenary discussions on corporeality always reconstruct the perception of the body and aim to see the beyond of the body besides it is an entity as a concrete being with flesh and bones. The studies and works based on the notion that is what the body – which analyze the psychological and philosophical (and also anthropological and sociological) approaches to the concept of the body over hand-painted portraits to mug shots, personal care methods to collective protection theories, the sexuality as a study of psychology not through morality - are all creating a various worldview and also attempt an alternative definition on the perception of the body. Many disciplines intervene when the research topic is on the concept of the body; as the sensations, the techniques of the bodily movements, the consumption or the expression styles have been investigated, methods and studies of the epistemology are getting varied as required. 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Individual Strength Assessment Free Essays

The Strength Based Leadership assessment was designed to help define the strength in order to place people In position where they can thrive based on their leadership strengths In the four domains of leadership strength such as Executing, Influencing, Relationship Building, and Strategic Thinking (Rata Conchie, 2008). While reading the assignments for this unit, I developed ideas of what my strengths may be prior to taking the Strength Based Leadership assessment. The assessment to determine my arsenal leadership strengths ended much as I suspected, and my five strengths are learner, individualizing, harmony, futuristic, focus. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Strength Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learner Learner is described as an individual who weigh all the facts In which something occurred by using knowledge acquired from reading, classes, seminars or type of leadership strength apart from most. For the Learner, being left without the knowledge of a situation can be quite frustrating as this individual thrives on learning something new or gaining new skills in the current specialization field. Analyzing a topic or a situation is a great Job for the learner as this individual will pep researching until the answer is found (Rata Conchie, 2008). As a Learner I enjoy reading, listening or hands on experience in my current occupation or a prospective career. The yearning for knowledge has been part of my life since I was in grade school. Reading has not always come easy for me, I did not learn to read until entering the fourth grade. Looking back as an adult, I believe I had an undiagnosed learning obstacle. I realized with the correct lighting or the use of an overlay on bright white paper seemed to help the words stay on the page, and allow easier and better retention of the information. Individualizing According to the Strength Based Leadership assessment results, an individual with Individualizing as a strength, by nature easily identifies with what others are thinking and feeling. This is a true statement, and being an individualized helps this individual understand the other person’s hopes, fears, Joys, and sorrows. Leaders with Individualizing strength have the welcoming ability to attract people from diverse backgrounds, education occupations, age groups or nationalities which makes this individual an asset in a group project setting. This type of leader will peak for those who cannot get the words out and will listen when the time comes to be quiet (Rata Conchie, 2008). This type of strength was not a surprise to me because it is something I practice on a regular basis. This can be a positive as well as a negative. Positive because things usually go pretty smoothly once people get to know me as a person and what my skill levels are. Negative because there are those who feel threatened by my strength, and that can cause some uneasiness. Working through these types of feelings is achievable with relationship building over time. I believe this is a strength used in my current career every day. Harmony Harmony leadership strength is described as an individual who has the knack of noticing the emotions that distort information, and emphasizes facts as a way of bringing clarity to the conversation. This type of strength in an individual is driven by their talents and tends to finish whatever task they start (Rata Conchie, 2008). This is a strength used every day in my current career, it is important to remain clearheaded in any situation especially when there is the potential for emotional issues. Facts and clear headiness are two very important characteristics a person can have when concentration is necessary. Futuristic Futuristic leadership strength have an instinct for making plans for the near future or long term goals to be achieved. This type of strength leader looks toward the future as a way to make things better or to reach a goal. This is a strength used in my current career every day as each day differs from the last as we make progress to brighten every smile. Focus Individuals with focus leadership strength are driven by their talents and look forward to clearly defined goals. These individuals enjoy surrounding themselves by people who want to accomplish personal and or professional goals for themselves Rata Conchie, 2008). This is a strength used in my current career; helping people educator in oral health care. Conclusion In conclusion, based on my own self-image, I feel the leadership strengths were right on target. I would have to say I agree with the results of the strength based leadership assessment because I use the Learner, Individualizing, Harmony, Futuristic, and Focus strengths on a daily basis. How to cite Individual Strength Assessment, Papers

Traffic Problems In Kathmandu City

Question: Discuss about theTraffic Problems In Kathmandu City. Answer: Introduction Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal which attracts large number of tourists from different parts of the globe. The city has been witnessing political, social, economic technological activities on day to day basis. It has been seen that, the citys population is increasing with the increase in the number of vehicles with no increase in the width of the road size. The traffic police of Kathmandu have been managing the congested traffic in the city with utmost professionalism competence despite of lack of manpower and surmounting constraints (Bhole Popescu, 2005). Position Statement Based upon an interview with the traffic police of Kathmandu, he says our main challenge is to smoothen the flow of traffic leading to reduction in the number of accidents as well as implement low cost traffic improvement schemes and mitigate the inconvenience to the users. There is always traffic problem in Kathmandu City as people are in a hurry to reach their destination. It is a tough task for the Nepal traffic police to manage the vehicles pedestrians at the same time. As a result, long queues are made which leads to traffic jams sometimes turns into a fatal accident as well (Clemm Wolter, 2013). Critique of the Background The main problem in front of Nepal traffic police is to manage free flow of traffic i.e. pedestrians vehicles in order to make the situation convenient. This essay takes into consideration an in depth study of traffic management in one of the busiest cities of Nepal i.e. Kathmandu (Thapa, n.d.). This essay is written on behalf of the Nepal traffic police agency (consisting of challenges how to curb the same). Critique of Statement Based upon the Nepal traffic police, the highest priority is to enforce the traffic rules regulations along with identification implementation of specifications to enhance the road safety amongst the commuters improve the flow of the traffic. The main aim of Nepal police is to make Traffic police mobile not a static point wise duty force. It shall be seen that, proper motor cycles other vehicles shall be provided to the patrol police chase nab the offenders. This will help the traffic violators to get punished there and then (Traffic.nepalpolice.gov.np, 2016). The main aim for Nepal traffic police is to look for people who jump red lights, rash driving, parking made on the foot paths negligent driving by the commercial private vehicles. The Metropolitan Traffic Police says, they are trying to make every effort possible to control the rising traffic in the city with the various modern techniques such as use of various monitoring gadgets controlling the same. Imparting road se nse, teaching traffic rules regulations to the defaulters has been on the priority list. Improving the standard of safety and prosecuting the errant indiscipline road commuters remains on the highest priority list. Fatal accidents in the Kathmandu city have been referred to as one of the major concerns for the Metropolitan Traffic Police. An in depth study of the accident prone areas along with road turnings, improving the traffic routes b strategic vehicle parking shall be done in an effective manner in order to reduce the number of accidents in the Kathmandu City (Traffic.nepalpolice.gov.np, 2016). The report takes into consideration traffic problem from three different perspectives i.e. pedestrians, vehicle drivers Nepal traffic police officer. The problem faced by pedestrians is to cross the road in heavy traffic. This is mainly due to lack of skybridge and absence of traffic lights or signals leading to long queues and wait for the traffic police to take a decision (The Himalayan Times, 2016). It has been seen that, due to long queues the motorists tend to take their bikes on the foot paths which creates a messy situation for the pedestrians to walk and wait for their turn to cross the road. It shall be taken into consideration that, more than 100 shops are opened on the foot path area which shrinks the width of the foot path and elongates the crossing time. Some of the traffic problems faced by the vehicle drivers are to wait for long period for their turn to cross a traffic signal. The vehicle drivers pay more for the fuel as they have to wait for long hours and loose the opportunity to reach the destination on time. Some of the problems faced by Nepal traffic police are to facilitate a free flow of vehicles on the road. Due to various hurdles obstacles the Nepal traffic police is unable to perform their duties in an effective manner (The Himalayan Times, 2016). They are unable to boost the traffic flow within the city. But, they are regularly trying to make a continuous effort to perform their duties in the best possible manner. Some of the major problems witnessed by Nepal traffic police are that the vehicle users violate the traffic rules and signals which create a huge problem for the same. It has been noticed that, there are more than 200 shops over the foot path which allocates more time to the pedestrian to cross the road. The road condition in the Kathmandu city has been one of the major concern which leads to high levels of traffic. Government is planning to construct a 4 lane road in order to practice free flow of traffic. Though there ar e many traffic signals in the main crossings but none of them are on use. Therefore, flow of traffic is done manually by the Nepal traffic police and this leads to misuse of the human resources. Proposed Plan Process Nepal traffic police launches an android application to manage the city movements in the best possible manner. This android application will help the visitors pedestrians to drive better management in the city. The android application will not only update the users regarding the traffic in the nearby areas but also help them with the important phone numbers wherein they can secretly file a complaint regarding a traffic rule defaulter or inform the traffic police regarding any major/ minor accident (Wang, 2006). The android application has mainly 12 functions. Some of them are traffic lights, news regarding traffic, important numbers, and traffic FM radio, traffic control room for any query or information, traffic sign, traffic station, find a bank nearby public eye. With the help of this android application, the users will be able to get any information regarding traffic signals or traffic rules or traffic jams. A visual aid has also been provided so that it becomes easy for the us ers to use the application at the time of need. According to chief of Nepal traffic police, he states that we are not using technology, we are living on technology. He also stated that, we have launched this android application to minimize the accidents create awareness amongst the same. The major objective is to make traffic more accountable, create awareness amongst the users, provide an in depth traffic education minimize the number of fatal accidents and provide a safe ride to its users (Wang, 2006). On part of the public, it has been noticed that people are coming forward for open discussions, providing feedback suggestions to deal with the traffic problem in Nepal City. On part of the Nepal Traffic police, they aim to enhance the promptness and timeliness to address the traffic problems in the City in the most effective and efficient manner (A, 2014). Lastly, the Nepal traffic police states that in order to make it a success, effective and efficient management of the traffi c shall be practiced. References Vehicle Density Sensor System to Manage Traffic. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 03(03), pp.566-569. Bhole, Y. and Popescu, A. (2005). Measurement and Analysis of HTTP Traffic.J Netw Syst Manage, 13(4), pp.357-371. Clemm, A. and Wolter, R. (2013).Network-embedded management and applications. New York, NY: Springer. Dodd, A. (2012).The essential guide to telecommunications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Gray, J. (n.d.).Driving in a soft city. Patnaik, L. and Talukder, A. (2007).Innovative applications of information technology for the developing world. London: Imperial College Press. Thapa, G. (n.d.).Exploring the possibility of mass transit in the urban core of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The Himalayan Times. (2016).Traffic Police launches app to manage city movements. [online] Available at: https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/traffic-police-launches-app-manage-city-movements/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Traffic.nepalpolice.gov.np. (2016).Message From Incharge. [online] Available at: https://traffic.nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/message-from-incharge [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Wang, K. (2006).Applications of advanced technology in transportation. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers.

How to get a good article review Essay Example

How to get a good article review? Essay Many students at College, University and other academic levels receiving an article review assignments during their education. Different teachers and professors are having their own requirements for such tasks, as well as almost all of them having their own guidelines for its writing. Here we will talk about what is an article review and about the most common elements of its writing. Article review writing includes in depth evaluation and summary of an article written by another writer. Such academic tasks are being assigned to students in order to help them review and better understand articles written by professionals in vary academic fields. Understanding of the details and justifications of the content is essential for the precise conclusion. Well written article review has an overview of the articles primary concept, its logical evaluation and supporting arguments for the further research, which is important element of an assessment. Below are few guidelines for writing a strong review which will help you to write a good and high quality paper. We will write a custom essay sample on How to get a good article review? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How to get a good article review? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How to get a good article review? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Read an article in depth The first what you need to do is read an article in depth. Go through it several times and highlight the most important sentences, such as conclusions of paragraphs, headings, beginning sentences and statements, and of course conclusion. Then go back to the beginning of an article and look at the whole content once again, that will give you an overall assessment of the paper. Writing summary outline of the main points and supporting research or arguments, may help you to filter unnecessary information from the important. While writing summary outline, you may not use your personal opinions and just restate the sentences from the initial paper. Remember, summary outline writing is done just to organize main points of the article and help you to filter and evaluate them. When you have successfully done writing it, evaluate it and remove needless items. Remove unnecessary words or lines to make the article useful and interesting for the reader. Sometimes article is informative, but writ er is unable to convey his/her message in a proper manner. Summarize your opinion Now, its a time to create and summarize your viewpoint and opinion about the article. Evaluate each sentence to figure out whether the writer was precise and clear. If the writer seems to be not clear enough at some points, then suggest some ways to make the paper more readable, clear and precise so it will look way better than initial version. Evaluate and analyze writers mistakes. If you see that some information what writer had used is incorrect, tell about this. Support it by specific examples, evidences and references. For example, there might be a discrepancy in facts and figures. Write your observation and look at the facts of the study to confirm your position. Keep in mind that your article review every time should start from the reference to the first paragraph, title and the writers name. One of the most important things in the article review writing is summary. When you summarize an article, you need to use your own words and opinion. Use your summary outline to discuss arguments and the main points. Tell about how well or not writer described and addressed the topic to the readers. Give your opinion about article clearness and structure. Remember that each your argument or opinion should be supported at least by the few sentences. Writing a conclusion Last what you need to do is write a conclusion of the main content evaluation. In a passage, evaluate the details of the content, as well as your thoughts about its importance, precision and quality. If appropriate, also opinion on effects for further research or discussion in the field so the writer can make improvements in his or her write up. There is difference between scholarly and general writing, so the difference in the review writing too. The scholarly article review and review of the general write up are different, so the approach as well. There are several companies which offer high quality article review writing services. If you are interested in getting a good, professionally written article review, then you can hire one of the companies like paperap.com. We offer high quality article review writing service on a very low price. With our help you will get an expert views about requested article according to your deadline and instructions.

Childrens Depression Inventory Article Analysis

Childrens Depression Inventory Article Analysis Depression is a well-known emotional disorder that is characterized by feelings ranging from overwhelming guilt, fatigue, and social withdrawal, to irritability, abuse, and at times suicidal behaviors (Luby, 2009). Depression is not bound by age, gender, or ethnicity. Research shows that in the month of August 2009, approximately 15% of children under the age of six suffer from exceptionally high anxiety and depression levels (Jarvis, 2009). The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is a test often used by counselors and psychologists to assess an adolescent's symptoms of depression. Within this paper, several articles regarding the results of CDI tests will be discussed. These selected articles will also be compared, to illustrate how the results may be achieved during practical application. Furthermore, the qualifications required for administering and interpreting the CDI will be determined. Finally, the populations for which the psychological measure is valid and invalid will be distinguished, in efforts of establishing the boundaries of this psychological assessment.English: Milwaukee, Wisconsin The Milwaukee Public...Article Concerning Childhood Depression in GreeceThe first article that concerns the use of the CDI examines children with depression living in Greece. Screening for Children's Depression Symptoms in Greece, by G. Giannakopoulos (2009), gives a global perspective of the 21st century's concern with depressed youth. This article also delves into how the test's measurements are attained, and in which settings optimal results can be achieve. The setting illustrated by Giannakopoulos (2009) suggests that an academic or counseling atmosphere would be most appropriate for performing this psychological measure, and in evaluating the projected outcome. The results of this article's assessment state that depressive symptoms were being measured in children from ages 8-12, with cutoff ages above 19 or below 13 (Giannakopoulos, 2009). These findings were much lower than the studies concerning alternate countries (Giannakopoulos, 2009).The results of the CDI's 27 item questionnaire possess...

Could you be an Entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Could you be an Entrepreneur - Essay Example These people are still alive in history, in their inventions and in the hearts and minds of the people, and they continue to inspire many people. However, the dark side of entrepreneurship is that not all people make it to level where they earn a place in the history. In fact, statistics reveal that more than half of the small businesses fail in their first year of business. Furthermore, the bankruptcy fillings have been increasing over the past few years (Keister, pp. 19-23, 2005). This paper is an attempt to explore the reasons of the same. The paper would present the reasons why majority of the entrepreneurs fail to manage their growth phase and what allows entrepreneurs to do the same with effectiveness. Discussion Following are some of the reasons why entrepreneurs fail to manage their growth. Growth Strategy One of the biggest issues entrepreneurs face once they have overcome the inertia of business is the absence of a clear strategy. Most small businesses are opened based on i ntuitions, advices of colleagues, peers, family and friends, raw data, assumptions and others. Furthermore, since most entrepreneurs want to make it simple, they do not plan things extensively, and just allow things to â€Å"let happen.† Entrepreneurs prefer their business to be a rollercoaster ride rather than planning and strategizing like other businesses do (Kuratko, pp. 287, 2008). However, once they get going and enter into their growth phase, they fail to understand that the reactive approach, unplanned approach, uncalculated, intuition based strategy is less likely to work. When a firm grows, it is exposed to the market competition and other competitive forces like that of buyer power, supplier power, threat of new entrants, and threat of substitute products. When a firm grows, it catches the attention of many competitors and rivals, which had previously avoided the entrepreneur as posing no threat (Audretsch, pp. 23-43, 2002). Therefore, the point is that while growi ng, an entrepreneur has to choose a clear and well-defined growth strategy (Bygrave & Zacharakis, pp. 78-79, 2010). Now successful entrepreneurs are able to understand that there are only three types of four distinct types of growth strategies available for the firm. These are ‘penetration strategy, product development strategy, market development strategy, diversification strategy’ (Crane & Meyer, pp. 112-115, 2010). Penetration strategy calls for operating in the existing market with the existing product. The idea here is to increase the usage of customers by encouraging them to buy more of the same product. The same can be done with the help of marketing, promotional offers, little modifications in the product and others. Important here to note is that the entrepreneur would not look to target any other customers, segment or try to take away share from other competitors (Crane & Meyer, pp. 112-115, 2010). By pursuing a market development strategy, the entrepreneur tr ies to reach out new geographic, demographic, psychographic, and other markets and segments for its existing product. Moreover, it is also possible to pursue a market development strategy by communicating a new use of the product thus increasing the customer base. Successful entrepreneurs may also go for product developme

Public Relations Theory and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Relations Theory and Practice - Essay Example Since the study of organizations is to a large extend theoretical in nature, it is inevitable that we consider the nature and function of theory. Public relations as an example of a theory play a key role in establishing how individuals in an organization communicate and relate to one another (Middleton, Kent & Chamberlin, Bill. 1994p.36). Public relations can be learnt in the context of real-world happenings for example through analysis of events that are happening and discussing them. It can also be learnt through consideration of stories that have been successful and also discussion of unethical practices. Leaning of public relations helps one to develop very good interpersonal relations and hence be able to grow very well in careers such as information and management. Press secretaries, communication specialists and information officers are the specialists of public relations of the government (Middleton, Kent & Chamberlin, Bill. 1994P.205). Their work is to provide the government with the information about the activities of its agencies as well as officials. For example a specialist in the public affairs or a specialist in communication seeks to provide information to the public on travel advisories. Public relations theory and practice has a process which involves four steps and it has a very critical role in ensuring that mass media messages are produced in plenty. Research is a very important tool in an attempt to know the programmes and as well as actions of public relations (Pinsdorf, Marion, 1986P.76). One must know the ethical, moral and legal considerations of public relations as well as understanding the opinions that the public has, bearing in mind the difference between persuasion and propaganda. The British perceive this practice of the EU of having few children due to use of family planning methods negatively over the age of 50s. In Britain, there is a coordinated and a more centralized way of implementing progressive retirements, something which the British over 50s have a negative attitude to. In the EU decentralized and sectoral agreements are used to implement progressive retirements, something which the British over 50s perceive negatively. Britain is very strong economically and has much job opportunities, as opposed to EU. Therefore, it has a negative attitude to enhancement of public relations since this means that the EU institutions will be benefiting from its' resources. Britain is very stable economically as opposed to the EU and EU institutions and hence promoting public relations among the British over 50s and the Europeans will mean that the British will be out-sourcing its' fund to the Europeans and the European institutions. This makes the British over 50s to have a negative attitude over the development of public relations between them and the Europeans. In addition, Britain enjoys a very strong defense system which the British over 50s don't like it to be shared with other countries and institutions outside for example the European and the European institutions. This is also a reason as to why the British over

Wardens Five Rings | Overview and Analysis

Wardens Five Rings | Overview and Analysis Wardens Five Rings theory is a model developed by Col. John Warden. It was first applied in a real war setting in the 1991 Gulf war incorporated in the Operational Thunder offensive strategy. It was the key theory that defined Operational Thunder strategy as it was known for American Air Power in defeating Iraq air force. The concept of the five ring model revolves around five major areas of interest that must be attacked and weekend sufficiently before enemy forces can be (Warden, 1995). The five various levels are like rings of areas of influence that revolve around the core area which is leadership. The areas of influence as defined in the model have various intrinsic importances from each other and present unique values for an enemy to attack. In this model the notion advanced is that a military incursion in an enemy environment should start outwards (Warden, 1995). The idea is to peel the various layers that revolve around the core which is the leadership until eventually the enemy is left vulnerable and captured. Once leadership is captured then the enemy has fallen and is captured. The Leadership at the centre of the model refers to the top organ of the enemy. The other areas are field military, infrastructure, population and system essentials. Field military force is the outer level that the enemy has put in place. It is the first level that must be overcome which is the enemy army. The second outer level is the civilian population of the enemy state; this too must be subdued and controlled. After population the target shifts to infrastructure that will derail efficient function of the enemy further. Second last level from the core is the system essential which refers to all the sectors that support and drive the overall enemy state such as economy (Warden, 1995). The five rings system theory is considered one of the most brilliant military theories advanced so far. Its importance is in its ability to inform a systematic approach that is coordinated to subdue an enemy. In this regard it can be used to compile a list of specific military target. Choice of important enemy targets are identified using a predefined framework and does not depend on speculation of the relative advantages presented by each (Warden, 1995). This is because by defining the levels of influence the associated sectors and areas can be clearly identified as well. And more importantly the military strategists are able to use a system formula to map out important enemy to targets (Warden, 1995). The Cuban missile crisis is a historical moment and one of those few instances that the five ring model could not be applied as tactical military strategy among the Russians or the Cubans. The nature in which Cuban missile crisis unfolded was bound to involve the United States forces and more than one country, both Russia and Cuba (Allison, Graham and Zelikow, 1999). The situation was even tense since both countries were contemplating use of nuclear weapons which was at the heart of the Cuban missile crisis. Indeed any way military offensive that would have involved Russian and United States would have been like the crash of the titans. The situation was triggered by the United States satellite evidence that Russia was actively deploying nuclear capability technology and installing it in Cuba backyard in secrecy (Allison et al, 1999). Earlier on United States had increased its military presence in Europe in what Russia could have interpreted to be a threat to its existence. However diplomacy and huge degree of restraining prevailed that averted the nuclear missile crisis at the time. What is clear though is that even The 5 ring model would not have been able to be applied at a military offensive where nuclear weapon was the choice of weapons. Indeed the military brains that had advance the systematic process presented in the 5 ring model had never contemplated even once the idea that nuclear missile would ever be used in modern world military solutions, despite the vast numbers of nuclear stockpiles that America and Russia have. This is because the five ring model subdivides any military offensive to five distinct stages (Allison et al, 1999). But its a fact that use of even a single nuclear missile in enough to subdue an enemy state beyond measure. Moreover, causing an impact across all the five levels of any country to be paralyzed. Indeed it is the reason why at the height of the crisis the United States omitted a preemptive attack on Cuba due to the remote chances that a single missile might survive the attack which then Cuba would certainly use on them. Besides all this, it would have meant that United States wage war against two hostile countries at the same time which would have limited their precision to respond. It is therefore unlikely that the 5 ring model would have been used in Cuban crisis. However in Vietnam War the five ring model could be applied to guide military offensive. In Vietnam War the United States was fighting in support of South Vietnam against North Vietnam. But the U.S was disadvantaged in a position of weakness due to the huge Northern Vietnamese army comparable to South Vietnamese army. In addition the South Vietnam communist allies were powerful and provided important military support to the offensive. The U.S therefore resorted to the 5 ring model against their military offensive in Vietnam which was instrumental in their success during the war Vietnam. The gulf war that occurred in the 1991 is another example where the 5 ring model was successfully used in subduing the Iraq forces and the subsequent victory in the region. Soon after Iraq invaded Kuwait the United Nations recommended military solution. This saw a coalition force put together which applied combination of firepower and ground troops that advanced in Iraq. This military advance targeted Iraq sectors that had significance value to the country which after their capture led to the ceasefire. Use of the 5 ring model approach in the war enabled the Iraq vital economic sector destruction through sustained firepower (Bard and Mitchell, 2009). Gulf war is one of the wars that saw a lot of allies; especially those affiliated to the U.S participate in the Iraq attack. In deciding to intervene for Kuwait the reasons for United States were vested in its own interest. One Kuwait was a major oil exporter to the U.S, therefore U.S feared that war would destabilize the region and cause scarcity of oil in the region. Secondly U.S had allies in the region specifically Saudi Arabia that now felt threatened by the expanding influence of Iraq which it felt that it needed to be curtailed. Lastly it was important that Iraq dont get to control a huge stake of the oil reserve in the region or indeed be a force of influence in the gulf peninsula, which would have happened had it occupied Kuwait. In the aftermath of the war the cost of the military offensive was mainly paid by the Saudi Arabia to a total of $40 billion of the total $60billion that the war had cost. There was minimal American causalities 295 deaths due to the range of coalition forces that participated. In summary the gulf war provided the United States forces with a military experience in the region and was a successful venture. That America continues to cash on presently in more than one way. References Allison, Graham and Zelikow, P (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis; New York: Longman Publishers. Bard, Mitchell. (2009). The Gulf War. Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Gulf_War.html Blum, William. The Vietnam War and The United States Lessons. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from (1995) http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/html Warden, J., A. (1995). Air Theory for the 21st Century. Battlefield of the Future: 21st Century Warfare Issues. United States Air Force. Air and Space Power, 343. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/battle/chp4.html Wayne Thiebauds Art Style | Essay Wayne Thiebauds Art Style | Essay Wayne Thiebaud is an artist that has been associated with the Pop Art culture and also was part of the realism that came out of the United States west coast. Thiebauds real life representation of his subject has been seen as one of many beginnings photorealism. Before becoming a painter, Thiebaud worked in New York City as a sign painter and also as a cartoonist. He only began to paint in 1949, incorporating skills from his former occupations. Thiebaud is best known for the paintings that are associated with the production line of objects that can be found in diners and cafeterias, such as pies and pastries and others objects of common everyday life. The Neapolitan Pie that I found in the Norton Museum embodies the techniques that he often used in his paintings. This painting with its thick paint adding to the depth and character led me to want to learn about the artist behind it. Thiebaud chose to celebrate and embrace the delights of the common place and rendered his realistic paintings with a brilliant eye for abstraction. Thiebauds painting technique can be described as a cookbook chronicling those that have added sizzle, seasoning or even sprinkle to its prolific palette What he wanted to set out to do was to create a different visual species, which he described as being the ultimate accomplishment for all painters. Thiebaud says that art needs constant movement of different aspects of itself in order to stay alive. He also states that art draws inspiration from everything around it. He is not afraid of showing in his paintings aspects from other artists who inspired him, My world is one crime I steal from every artist aroun d the world. This may be why Thiebaud completely followed artists that were before him and also artists who were painting in his time period. Wayne Thiebaud had many artists in Abstract Expressionism and artists from Pop Art that he gathered techniques from. There were artistic time periods that he borrowed aspects from and combined with others to produce his own characteristic style. In this paper I will describe all these aspects and how their combination gave rise to the famous work we know Wayne Thiebaud for today. Thiebaud was a realist painter and painted at a time between Abstract Expressionism movement and the Pop Art era. His growth as an artist started from when he was a young child and as a teenager made poster designs and on stage sets for theatre. Thiebaud worked at Universal Studios and also as an illustrator for the advertising department in New York. He later earned a degree from California State College in Sacramento and this was where he learned and became fond of the fine arts. After this he began to study art history books intensively and the paintings in them, including the transitions in the works from period to period. Thiebaud, while working, became friends with and interested in the works of art from Willem De Kooning and Franz Kline who were abstract expressionist painters. This was a American post World War II art movement. the predecessor of this art movement is surrealism, which features elements of surprise and unexpected juxtapositions. Willem De Kooning also was invo lved with action painting, whose characteristics are spontaneous, splashed, or smeared onto a canvas. Kooning states, People are always trying to break the backs of paintings by expecting things which paintings cannot doits just a painting. A God damned painting. Just a little thing you smear stuff on. You just hope in the smearing that you havent insulted people that youre asking to look at it. This statement was a great influence in shaping the thoughts of Thiebaud. He saw this as a quintessential idea for producing works of art By the early 1960s the paintings he had produced now began to gain tension, balance, and grace. He placed the forms first and objects were pushed forward and put in a relevant order. He had been making statements like this with his Neapolitan Pie for years before others but was packed together with other artists in the Pop Art period when the movement surfaced. Pop Art was a tradition that challenged the artwork at that time and wanted to show that anything the artist used, which was of mass-production of popular culture could can be connected with fine art. It was widely seen as a reaction and expansion of the dominant ideas of abstract realism, which was a spontaneous or subconscious creation. Pop Art does not refer directly to the art that they made, but the ideas that moved the whole movement itself. During this time, Thiebaud also saw works of art from the earliest pop artists Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns whose paintings were based on Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. W hat Thiebaud did was abandoned most of the ideas that Pop Art committed itself to and react against it, which is surprising since he was seen as a vital part to this period. The work that Thiebaud produced is described as nostalgic views of popular culture and the American scene with which viewers of all kinds can easily identify. Most paintings in the Pop Art period were more intimidating for those viewing the work in museums and sometimes were too harsh to appreciate. What Thiebaud said was I am not a card carrying Pop artist I dont like much of it. Pop to him was more of a business than an operation of honorable painting and he had too much respect for the original products that they played off of to be a part of Pop Art. So while this art period was taking off Thiebaud decided that he was going to move on and became a professor at U-C Davis. Another influence of Wayne Theibaud was of Abstract Expressionism, which was going on in the time he produced work, and can be seen in the thick brushstrokes and bold use of colour which was a constant theme in his works. Thiebaud began to paint images based on food that he would see displayed in windows, focusing not on what he was painting but more on the shape of the objects. What impacted his painting this way was his inclination for simple objects, borrowing aspects of layouts for ads that he did while working as a cartoonist and sign painter. His simplicity to his designs could be understood and recognized as a method that he took into his paintings. This would also be around the 1960s and Thiebaud wanted to show depictions of the everyday American life while showing a new approach to art, representational art. Artists such as Stuart Davis and his Odol Bottle and Gerald Murphy and his Safety Razor were visions of the coming pop culture era even before Thiebaud began to paint wo rk that would fit into it. As Thiebaud continued to work influences from other artists could be seen in his work like the paintings of Giorgio Morandi like his Still Life. Thiebaud long admired Giorgios work for their contemplative quiet, the palpable sense of protracted looking that they convey, and their delicate, varied effects achieved with seemingly minimal means. The influence of this was not just in how Thiebaud structured his work, but also by how he manipulated the light and the slow moving strokes to enhance the form of the object. This aspect of manipulating light also was something he used in his signs and works, making a shadow where there is none to draw the eye to areas that there would be none and giving the work depth. This aspect was also borrowed from the tromp loeil (fool the eye) painter John Peto, who painted the Letter Rack, who also was said to have an influence on Thiebaud. Due to this influence, Thiebaud would never have any space of where the object would leave the page it would be represented in its entirety showing the readers that it would not be real. He would arrange the object in his painting into a shallow space and used shadows, as previously stated, to suggest some form of depth without there actually being any depth; tromp loeil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Neapolitan Pie and all the works Thiebaud has produced had notable influences from his background and artists whom he studied and who had an influence on what he produced. Thiebaud had a way of dragging his paint across his canvas in a smooth way that would enhance the luscious textures of oil and transform itself into the very object that he was trying to portray. This, by the artists, refers to object transference and roots can also be traced to Morandi, but also in artists such as Joaquin Sorolla. He painted objects that are common placed around any individual as those of Stuart Davis and Gerald Murphy. Thiebaud had a strong inclination in painting common objects much earlier than those of the Pop culture movement. When Thiebaud first began to paint these common objects though he found it humorous and channeled his cartoonist abilities with his row of pies: When I painted the first row of pies, I can remember sitting and laughing sort of a silly relief Now I have flipped out! The one thing that allowed me to do that was having been a cartoonist. I did one and thought, Thats really crazy, but no one is going to look at these things anyway, so what the heck. However with all of his pastry paintings he handled the paint in a way that makes his work very distinctive. His paintings bring forth a realism of complete visual delight. He made anew the representational subject matter with a bold palette and used his skillful display of brushwork acquired from the Abstract Expressionists he admired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wayne Thiebaud copied from the masters because he respected art so much that he wanted to learn from those greats that came before him. What he did was add his own style to it so as to expand on what he learned into a different category, so as to be seen in a new light. He delighted in the works of other art periods like Abstract Expressionism and Realism and saw it as an honour to study an be apart of the art movement. He rejected the ideas of the Pop Art movement that he was classified in because he respected the art work they ridiculed too much to make a mockery of it. He was said as feeling honoured that he was able to apply himself and that he became a force in the artistic movement that is still evolving today. His work will forever be a staple and used as a tool for artist that come behind him to study learn from and elaborate on.

Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Essay

The topic that I have conducted research on involves underage alcohol consumption and various levels of academic achievement. More specifically, my goal is to conceptualize the increasing amounts of underage alcohol abuse by observing the affects effects that it has on individual’s GPA. Data obtained from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism suggests that four out of five college students consume alcohol. Of the students that consume alcohol, approximately fifty percent engage in binge drinking (NIAAA 2012). In consideration of the location where the study was conducted (University of New Hampshire), it seemed appropriate to pursue a topic that would potentially correlate with alcohol consumption. Past studies have attempted to address the issue of alcohol consumption and it’s affects effects on academic achievement, yet none have constricted the independent variable to a specific age rage. Returning back to data gathered from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, information was derived that suggested about seventy percent of minors have had at least one alcoholic beverage by the age of eighteen. In accordance with this finding, it was also recorded that although minors drink less often than adults, they do however tend to binge drink more often during an average drinking episode (NIAAA 2012). The objective of the present study is to better grasp an understanding of underage alcohol consumption and academic achievement. With the focus of the age group being confined to individuals less than twenty one years of age, new findings will be generated. The reduction of underage alcohol consumption is an extremely prevalent topic that many policy implementers and law enforcement agencies are faced with. Hopefully results from this study can establish a causal relationship that will aid professionals in dealing with this dilemma not only at the University of New Hampshire, but at universities across the nation. A plethora of studies have been conducted to observe the many negative effects that come from alcohol consumption. For those that are unaware, alcohol is a powerful depressant that ultimately slows down your thinking and time of reaction (CTC 2013). Also, alcohol consumption can act as a precursor to things such as brain damage, heart disease, liver damage, ulcers and various types of cancer (CTC 2013). Many individuals have been presented with similar facts, but they continue to drink alcohol. At the college level, many of the individuals that are consuming alcohol are under the legal age. Policy makers and law enforcement have been faced with this dilemma for an ongoing period of time. In attempts to control for alcohol consumption, many studies have been conducted to pinpoint the main causes. In a study conducted by Labrie et al. (2010), family history of alcohol abuse and its effects on college student’s alcohol abuse were researched. Findings suggest that family history has a correlation with college student’s personal use making them more prone to abuse (mostly males) (Labrie et al. 2010). With this finding however, minimal policy implications are suggested except for parental monitoring of socialization. In a study conducted by Rasul et al. (2011), the current drinking age is tested. Researchers were curious if a deduction in the current drinking age would have a successful attempt in diminishing heavy episodic drinking periods amongst college students. Findings imply that only in the rare case of high alcohol availability, and low levels of law enforcement, would the reduction of the drinking age have a small positive effect. With the full understanding of the prevalence of alcohol consumption in college in general, the question is posed of the effect that it has on academic performance. There is a brief existence of literature that focuses directly on this topic. In a study conducted by Singleton (2007), he examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance while controlling for key background factors. When SAT scores and class ranks were controlled, a significant relationship for alcohol consumption and academic performance was observed (Singleton 2007). In a similar study conducted by Singleton and Wolfson (2009), they attempted to observe relationships between alcohol intake, sleep and academic performance. Main findings suggest that the most significant predictor of academic performance was sleep schedule. However, the association that high alcohol intake would result in poor sleep schedule ultimately effecting your academic achievement was established (Singleton and Wolfs on 2009). Although past studies have observed alcohol consumption and its effects on academic achievement, none of them control for age. In the present study, the collegiate population that illegally consumes alcohol is examined. Findings will hopefully suggest that illegal alcohol consumption has a negative effect on academic achievement. If so, I will provide some policy implications that will help address and potentially minimize underage alcohol consumption. * Null Hypothesis: underage alcohol consumption has no affect effect on individual academic achievement. * Alternative Hypothesis: underage alcohol consumption will have a negative effect on academic achievement. To gather the data necessary to study alcohol consumption and its effects on academic achievement, two survey questions were contributed to a general survey composed by the spring 2013 methods of social research class at the University of New Hampshire. Our study was conducted in various classrooms at the University of New Hampshire using the method of convenience sampling. This non-probability sampling method will produce un-representative results. However, considering our limits of time and money, this sampling procedure was deemed the most rational. Professor Rebecca Glauber contacted five sociology professors teaching large discovery courses during the spring semester. These teachers agreed to let students in the methods of social research course field a survey to their students. No compensation was received by the participants. In the middle of April, three to four students in the methods of social research course attended the classes of these professors. During that time, the students stood in front of the class room and read a verbal recruitment statement. Upon completion of the statement, students handed out the surveys to all participants in the classroom. If the students agree to participate, they will anonymously fill out the survey. If at any time an individual felt uncomfortable and wished to remove their consent, that survey was destroyed. After completion, students placed their surveys in a box at the front of the room. Minimal risk is present in our study. On the survey, questions involving illegal substance use were present. This could potentially be considered a criminal liability, but since the survey was completed anonymously that factor is ruled out and the participants were protected. Also, questions involving states of mental health were present which could potentially have negative psychological effects on participants. There is no direct benefit to the participants of the study. However, results of this survey helped individuals in the methods of social research class obtain useful information that helped them draw conclusions that otherwise would not have been possible. In this particular study, no physical harm, and minimal psychological harm to the participants was present. In addition, the assurance of anonymity will help establish the goal of the benefits outweighing the risks. The variables used for this particular study were alcohol consumption and academic achievement. The independent variable, alcohol consumption, was (conceptually) theoretically defined by measuring the amount of alcoholic beverages that are consumed in an average drinking episode. The question used to address this variable was, â€Å"During an average drinking episode, about how many alcoholic drinks do you consume?† There were five mutually exclusive and exhaustive answers for participants to select from. (this sounds like it could be plagiarism so maybe change that sentence.) The dependent variable, academic achievement, was conceptually defined by measuring students GPA’s. The question used to address this variable was, â€Å"What is your overall grade point average (GPA)?† Once again, there were five mutually exclusive and exhaustive answers for participants to select from.

Does Television Viewing Affect Academic Performance

The insights and understanding about of this study will serves as reference to the behavior of 4th and 5th graders of Mill Creek Intermediate School watching television and its relationship to their academic performance. The approach conducted to come up with the resolutions for this topic was made through survey method. The sample size used to acquire data of the normal percent of the group was 50 respondents for 4th graders and 50 respondents for 5th graders. The equal number size of respondents for this survey will be able to compare the subject level of differences and rationalization of the selective topic.To acquired weighing result for this paper, the following determining factors were used for this survey: the profile of respondent, the program watched, duration of television viewing, and the timeslot usually watched in television. For evaluating the academic performance, the overall grade, grade per subject and overall performance in school was considered. Impression for thi s topic will answer the reader’s interest of the school age behavior towards their study and leisure moments by watching television. Data Television is one of the powerful tools of the generation.It was invented to give entertainment, to educate and delivers information of the things around us. Television carries message through variety of programs that evolves significant impression to the viewer’s way of life. For children, television is a mechanism that creates connection to their personal and social values at home and with their environment. Children also can rely on the as parents guidance in the program content they were watching. It explained that children were able to acquire learning through adults. Wherein, adults can define the level of literacy in providing right topics to be discussed for the children (Media Form, 2007).Through television, the audio-visual interpretation operates to psychological impact obtaining the high degree of recall acquired from the message being watched and it was cited in Psychological Operations Field Manual No. 33-1(1979) and Psychological Operations (PSYOP) Media Sub course PO-0816 (1983). The medium communication delivers to the viewers give impressions to what the personality that a child could be acquired and learned. As Dimitri Christakis cites studies in which more than 5,000 children also found that â€Å"pro-social† programs (think â€Å"Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood†) make children kinder and more tolerant.In fact, the linkage between good behavior and watching good programming is as strong as the link between bad behavior and bad programming. (Christakis, 2007) Based on the conducted survey, Table 1 shows that male respondent of the 4th graders answers that program with actions, suspense, adventures and violent cartoon programs in Animax appeals to them. However, female respondents prefers program that are bubbly funny in character, fiction and fairy tale programs like Disney Channel. Mo st of them render time of 3-4 hours watching television after classes which is in the afternoon. About their academic performance, both genders are doing well.As compared to 5th graders, they are more likely focus on their class standing. (See figure 1). RESPONDENTS 4th Grade 5th Grade Male 35 29 Female 15 21 Frequency of watching television 50 50 PROGRAM WATCHED Nickelodeon 5 7 Cartoon Network 13 11 Disney Channel 11 16 Animax (Japanese Anime) 19 13 Others 2 3 DURATION OF TELEVISION WATCHING 1-2 hrs. 12 28 3-4 hrs. 26 17 5-6 hrs. 10 4 7-8 hrs. 2 1 TIMESLOT USUALLY WATCHED Morning (5am-11am) 7 5 Afternoon (3-5pm) 39 43 Evening (6-8pm) 4 2 Watching TV before studying lessons in school 31 21 Studying lessons in school before Watching TV 19 29 SUBJECTS WITH THE HIGHEST GRADESEnglish 15 15 History 15 19 Math 12 13 Science 12 13 Others 8 3 Table 1. Television viewing habits of 100 respondents for both 4th & 5th graders Figure 1. 5th Graders excel more in academic than 4th Graders Based o n the conducted survey as well as interviews on both respondents, children who watched television before studying their lessons, and sleep after studying their lessons made them recall their lessons in the morning class. On the other hand, children who studying their lessons before watching television and sleep after that, made them remember the programs they have watched in the morning class. (See table 1).Since television viewing can interfere with the completion of homework assignments and reduce the amount of sleep a child gets as it shows in the duration of television watching (See table 1), excessive viewing could affect the child's grades and alertness in school, this can be showed on the lowest grades acquired by both graders in the Figure 1. However, through this survey, research found out that the amount of time which children spend on homework or studies after watching television is significantly related to how they performed in school which can be seen on the highest gra des of the respondents (See figure 1).Through performing activities (Refer table 1) done by the respondents (4th & 5th graders) showed how the affect of television viewing formed and make significance to their academic performance. Through the kind of programs that the respondents were watching as it showed to this study, connects understanding to the kind of attitude and values they have and hold as they get along with their everyday life. Research tells also that 5th grader respondents were more motivated in performing homework assignments/studies before watching television. (See table 1). They are also aware of their academic performance as compares to 4th grader.According to the Human Development biology, this is the stage wherein the child to this previous phase is called schoolchild (schoolboy or schoolgirl), when still of primary school age of 10-12. (2007), this may also the reason, of having erratic emotional transformation with regards to personal sets of values about his/ her environmental viewpoints as well as social relationship. As connoted by Clark Hull â€Å"humans have internal biological needs which motivate us to perform a certain way†. These needs, or drives, are defined by Hull as internal states of arousal or tension which must be reduced.(Hull 1943, 1952) Like in my opinion, television for children surface as need for them. Television is an art, a way to entertainment and makes fantasies of the social approvals as what they see on advertisement move along with the programs their viewing. From television viewing, it creates impressions on the programs that significantly affected to their values as they growing up. The need for providing quality-oriented programming for children is obvious. It is the responsibilities of parents or significant member of the family to give information same with guidance of things that the children viewing on television.Conclusion This paper has discussed vitality role of television viewing, which creat es affect on the academic performance of the children if not guided by their parents or significant people in their lives. Evidences and data pertains to the scope of this study also explained that the range of television viewing in long hours can make too much effect on the education of the children. It also affirmed to the idea that the relations of television viewing in the academic skills depend primarily on the content of the programs viewed.Television content brings good and bad effects in manner if not in used accordingly by the viewers. As it discussed on survey results and interviews (See table 1 and figure 1), more of the graders said that their habitual pattern on the activities like television viewing between studying lesson showed emphasis like this: watched TV ? then studying their lesson ? after that sleep. As they attend to the morning class the retention of the studied lessons appeared to be the first chance of recalling than the programs they have watched on televi sion.Though, we cannot completely deny the fact that they still remembered the programs they have watched but when they are in class, the subjects and lessons surface than TV programs. Then again, because the topic discussed were about the subjects/lessons which possible studied before sleep. In spite of that, if the other pattern goes like this: studying their lesson ? watched TV ? after that sleep. The type of TV program that was watched before sleeping, have this probability to recall than the studied lesson. Still, we cannot deny the fact that it’s a school setting, wherein the topic to be discussed is related to lessons.However, we cannot also deny that sometimes we captivated on the TV programs we watched before sleep. The order of habit in television watching sometimes affects recall. It also sometimes the reason that children have absent-minded as they say, â€Å"physically present but mentally absent†. Therefore this research concluded that, having academicall y excellence in education for 4th and 5th graders depend on the significant people like parents who can give proper guidance and training as the habits of television viewing is primarily concerned.Likewise, the attention learned from television viewing can manifest to the values of children as they grow old and matured. Recommendations The lessons thought from this study, can enlightened the following people’s concern: 1. For TV avid viewers, this study will give you insights about the system of prioritizing, organizing and knowing the value of scheduling in terms of TV viewing and studying. 2. For the future reader of this research, allow this to be your reference in the continuance of discovering more about this conducted study. 3.For my respondents who participated well to make this study explain the kind of behavior we showed in regards of relationship in television viewing as well as our performance as student in school. 4. For parents and guardian, this is a good readin g tool for having recognized our role for our children as they make television viewing a habit. 5. For my fellow classmates, may this work effort explain well and be another idea for understanding the cause and effect of television in our education. 6. For the teachers, educators and trainers, this paper will serves as an additional input for widening the virtue of education to the lives of students.

Biography of Boudicca, British Celtic Warrior Queen

Boudicca was a  British Celtic warrior queen who led a revolt against Roman occupation. Her date and place of birth are unknown and its believed she died in 60 or 61 CE.  An alternative British spelling is Boudica, the Welsh call her Buddug, and she is sometimes known by a Latinization of her name, Boadicea or Boadacaea. We know the history of Boudicca through two writers: Tacitus, in Agricola (98) and The Annals (109), and Cassius Dio, in The Rebellion of Boudicca (about 163) Boudicca was the wife of Prasutagus, who was head of the Iceni tribe in East England, in what is now Norfolk and Suffolk.  Nothing is known about her birth date or birth family. Fast Facts: Boudicca Known For: British Celtic Warrior Queen  Also Known As: Boudicea, Boadicea, Buddug, Queen of BritainBorn: Britannia (date unknown)Died: 60 or 61 CESpouse: PrasutagusHonors: A statue of  Boudicca  with her daughters in her  war  chariot stands next to Westminster Bridge and the Houses of Parliament in England. It was commissioned by Prince Albert, executed by Thomas Thornycroft, and completed in 1905.Notable Quotes: If you weigh well the strengths of our armies you will see that in this battle we must conquer or die. This is a womans resolve. As for the men, they may live or be slaves. I am not fighting for my kingdom and wealth now. I am fighting as an ordinary person for my lost freedom, my bruised body, and my outraged daughters. Roman Occupation and Prasutagus Boudicca was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia, in 43 CE, when the Romans invaded Britain, and most of the Celtic tribes were forced to submit. However, the Romans allowed two Celtic kings to retain some of their traditional power. One of these two was Prasutagus. The Roman occupation brought an increased Roman settlement, military presence, and attempts to suppress Celtic religious culture. There were major economic changes, including heavy taxes and money lending. In 47, the Romans forced the Ireni to disarm, creating resentment. Prasutagus had been given a grant by the Romans, but the Romans then redefined this as a loan. When Prasutagus died in 60 CE, he left his kingdom to his two daughters and jointly to Emperor Nero to settle this debt. Romans Seize  Power After Prasutagus Dies The Romans arrived to collect, but instead of settling for half the kingdom, they seized control of all of it. According to Tacitus, to humiliate the former rulers, the Romans beat Boudicca publicly, raped their two daughters, seized the wealth of many Iceni, and sold much of the royal family into slavery. Dio has an alternative story that does not include rapes and beatings. In his version, a Roman moneylender named Seneca called in loans of the Britons. The Roman governor Suetonius turned his attention to attacking Wales, taking two-thirds of the Roman military in Britain. Boudicca meanwhile met with the leaders of the Iceni, Trinovanti, Cornovii, Durotiges, and other tribes, who also had grievances against the Romans, including grants that had been redefined as loans. They planned to revolt and drive out the Romans. Boudiccas Army Attacks Led by Boudicca, about 100,000 British attacked Camulodunum (now Colchester), where the Romans had their main center of rule. With Suetonius and most of the Roman forces away, Camulodunum was not well-defended, and the Romans were driven out. The Procurator Decianus was forced to flee. Boudiccas army burned Camulodunum to the ground; only the Roman Temple was left. Immediately, Boudiccas army turned to the largest city in the British Isles, Londinium (London). Suetonius strategically abandoned the city, and Boudiccas army burned Londinium and massacred the 25,000 inhabitants who had not fled. Archaeological evidence of a layer of burned ash shows the extent of the destruction. Next, Boudicca and her army marched on Verulamium (St. Albans), a city largely populated by Britons who had cooperated with the Romans and who were killed as the city was destroyed. Changing Fortunes Boudiccas army had counted on seizing Roman food stores when the tribes abandoned their own fields to wage rebellion, but Suetonius had strategically burned the Roman stores. Famine thus struck the victorious army, greatly weakening it. Boudicca fought one more battle, though its precise location is unknown. Boudiccas army attacked uphill, and, exhausted and hungry, was easily routed by the Romans to rout. Roman troops—numbering just 1,200—defeated Boudiccas army of 100,000, killing 80,000 while suffering only 400 casualties. Death and Legacy What happened to Boudicca is uncertain. She may have returned to her home territory and taken poison to avoid Roman capture. As a result of the rebellion, the Romans strengthened their military presence in Britain but also lessened the oppressiveness of their rule. After the Romans suppressed Boudiccas rebellion, Britons mounted a few smaller insurrections in the coming years, but none gained the same widespread support or cost as many lives. The Romans would continue to hold Britain, without any further significant trouble, until their withdrawal from the region in 410. Boudiccas story was nearly forgotten until Tacitus work Annals was rediscovered in 1360. Her story became popular during the reign of another English queen who headed an army against foreign invasion, Queen Elizabeth I. Today, Boudicca is considered a national heroine in Great Briton, and she is seen as a universal symbol of the human desire for freedom and justice. Boudiccas life has been the subject of historical novels and a 2003 British television film,  Warrior Queen. Sources â€Å"History - Boudicca.†Ã‚  BBC, BBC.Mark, Joshua J. â€Å"Boudicca.†Ã‚  Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 28 Feb. 2019.Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Boudicca.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 23 Jan. 2017.